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A-370 SC140 DSP Core Reference Manual
RTS
RTS Return From Subroutine (AGU) RTS
Description
Note: Because RTS uses the RAS mechanism, returning from an exception using RTS is illegal. The result
is undefined.
Status and Conditions that Affect Instruction
Status and Conditions Changed by Instruction
None.
Example
rts
Operation Assembler Syntax
If (RAS valid), then RAS → PC;
else (SP – 8) → PC;
always SP – 8 → SP
RTS
RTS
Returns from a subroutine. If the RAS is valid, the PC is restored from the RAS. Otherwise, the PC is
popped from the active stack in memory as a 32-bit long word. The stack pointer always decrements by 8,
RAS becomes invalid, and program execution continues at the address specified in the PC.
Register Address Bit Name Description
SR[18] EXP Determines which stack pointer is used.
Register/Memory Address Before After
SR
$00E4 0000
ESP
$0000 2008 $0000 2000
($2000)
$0000 0018
RAS
$0000 0018
PC
$0000 0026 $0000 0018
- SC140 DSP Core 1
- Table of Contents 3
- StarCore Registry 11
- List of Figures 13
- List of Tables 15
- List of Examples 19
- About This Book 23
- Abbreviations 24
- NMI Non-maskable interrupt 25
- Revision History 26
- Chapter 1 27
- Introduction 27
- Architectural Differentiation 28
- Core Architecture Features 29
- Chapter 2 33
- Core Architecture 33
- StarCore 34
- 2.1.1.1 Data Register File 35
- 2.1.1.4 Shifter/Limiters 35
- 2.1.2.2 Bit Mask Unit (BMU) 36
- 2.1.6 Memory Interface 37
- 2.2 DALU 38
- D0–D15, respectively 39
- 2.2.1.5 Scaling 46
- 2.2.1.6 Limiting 46
- Table 2-9. Limiting Example 48
- 2.2.2.1 Data Representation 49
- 2.2.2.2 Data Formats 50
- ≤ SF ≤+1.0 - 2 50
- ≤ UI ≤ [2 51
- 2.2.2.3 Multiplication 52
- 2.2.2.4 Division 52
- 2.2.2.5 Unsigned Arithmetic 52
- 2.2.2.6 Rounding Modes 53
- Multiply 58
- 40-bit Accumulate 58
- Register Shifter 58
- >> 16 58
- 2.3 Address Generation Unit 63
- PABXABBXABA 64
- Address Generation Unit 65
- 2.3.2 AGU Programming Model 66
- MOVE.L #ADDRESS, B0 67
- MOVE.W (R8), D0 67
- 2.3.2.2.2 Initializing ESP 68
- 2.3.3 Addressing Modes 70
- 2.3.3.3 PC Relative Mode 72
- 2.3.3.5 Memory Access Width 74
- Yes √ (Rn) + Ni 76
- (Rn+N0) Yes √ (Rn + N0) 76
- 2.3.4 Address Modifier Modes 77
- 2.3.6 Bit Mask Instructions 81
- 2.3.7 Move Instructions 83
- MOVE.4F (R0),D0:D1:D2:D3 86
- 2.4 Memory Interface 87
- 2.4.1 SC140 Endian Support 88
- 2.4.1.2 Memory Organization 89
- 2.4.1.3 Data Moves 90
- 039 32 16 98
- Chapter 3 101
- Control Registers 101
- Table 3-2. EMR Description 108
- 3.2 PLL and Clock Registers 110
- Chapter 4 111
- Emulation and Debug (EOnCE) 111
- Interface 112
- JTAG TAP Controller 113
- EOnCE2 EOnCEn-1 EOnCEn 113
- Table 4-3. JTAG Scan Paths 115
- CHOOSE_CLOCK_DR signal 116
- Bits 7-8 = 00 118
- 4.3.1 EOnCE Signals 120
- 4.3.3 Debug State 121
- 4.3.4 Debug Exception 122
- 4.3.6 Software Downloading 122
- 4.3.7 EOnCE Events 124
- 4.3.8 EOnCE Actions 125
- 4.5.1 EOnCE Controller 126
- 4.5.2 Event Counter 128
- >=< 132
- • Greater than 133
- (EDCA).” 133
- 4.5.4 Event Selector (ES) 135
- 4.5.5 Trace Unit 136
- -12 on page 4-31 to the 140
- LSB part + 2 140
- Software 141
- 4.6.2 Real-Time JTAG Access 143
- EOnCE Register Addressing 144
- Table 4-13. ECR Description 146
- Table 4-14. ESR Description 148
- EOnCE Controller Registers 153
- 4.7.6 EE Signals 154
- 4.8 Event Counter Registers 160
- TEST EXT ECNTEN ECNTWHAT 161
- 4.8.4 EC Signals 163
- Registers 164
- EDCAi_REFB) 167
- AWS EDCDEN CCS ATS 168
- Event Selector (ES) Registers 171
- BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 BIT 0 172
- SELDTB SELETB SEDLDI SELDM 172
- TYPE rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw 172
- RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172
- Register (ESEL_DI) 174
- (ESEL_ETB) 174
- 4.11 Trace Unit Registers 175
- + +- - + 176
- BITS 15-8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 BIT 0 177
- RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 177
- Trace Unit Registers 179
- Chapter 5 181
- Program Control 181
- Pipeline 182
- Table 5-1. Pipeline Example 183
- 5.1.1.3 Address Generation 184
- 5.2 Instruction Grouping 185
- 5.2.1 Grouping Types 186
- 5.2.1.1 Serial Grouping 187
- 5.2.1.2 Prefix Grouping 187
- 5.2.2 Prefix Types 188
- 5.2.3 Conditional Execution 189
- Instruction Grouping 191
- Position 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 193
- MOVE #xxxx,D0 MOVE #xxxx,D1 193
- 5.3 Instruction Timing 194
- — MOVE.L d0,(Rn + N0) 195
- — MOVE.L d0,(Rn + $5) 195
- — MOVE.L d0,(Rn + Rm) 195
- — MOVE.L d0,(SP + $100) 195
- Instruction Timing 196
- MOVE.W (R0+N0),D0 ;delay slot 197
- 5.3.2.2 Delayed COF 199
- 5.3.3 Memory Access Timing 201
- 5.4 Hardware Loops 205
- Hardware Loops 206
- 5.4.4 Loop Nesting 208
- Example 5-12. Long Loop 210
- 5.5 Stack Support 212
- Stack Support 216
- 5.6 Working Modes 217
- 5.6.3.1 Dual-stack RTOS 218
- Exception Mode 219
- Working Modes 220
- 5.7 Processing States 221
- 5.7.3 Execution State 223
- 5.7.4 Reset Processing State 223
- 5.7.5 Debug State 224
- 5.7.6 Wait Processing State 224
- 5.7.7 Stop Processing State 225
- 5.8 Exception Processing 226
- Exception Processing 228
- Priority 229
- 5.8.3 Maskable Interrupts 230
- 5.8.5 Internal Exceptions 230
- 5.8.5.1 Illegal Exception 231
- 5.8.5.2 DALU Overflow 232
- 5.8.5.3 TRAP Exception 232
- 5.8.5.4 Debug Exception 232
- 5.8.7 Exception Timing 233
- Chapter 6 237
- 6.2.1 Single ISAP 238
- 6.2.2 Multiple ISAP 239
- 6.4 ISAP Memory Access 240
- ISAP-core register transfers 241
- 6.7.3 Conditional Execution 246
- 6.8 Programming Rules 247
- Programming Rules 248
- Chapter 7 251
- VLES Grouping Semantics 252
- 7.3 SC140 Pipeline Exposure 253
- 7.4.2 Sequencing Rules 254
- 7.4.3 Register Read/Write 254
- 7.4.4 Status Bit Updates 255
- 7.4.5 Instruction Words 255
- 7.4.6 MOVE-like Instructions 255
- 7.4.8.1 COF Instructions 256
- 7.4.9.1 Delay Slot 256
- 7.4.10 Hardware Loops 257
- 7.5.2 General Grouping Rules 258
- Rule G.G.4 259
- Rule G.G.4 Exceptions 260
- 7.5.3 Prefix Grouping Rules 261
- Rule G.P.1 262
- Rule G.P.3 263
- Rule G.P.4 263
- Rule G.P.5 263
- Rule G.P.6 264
- Rule G.P.7 264
- Rule G.P.8 265
- Rule G.P.9 265
- 7.5.4 AGU Rules 266
- Rule A.2 267
- Rule A.3 267
- Rule A.4 268
- 7.5.5 Delayed COF Rules 269
- Rule D.2 270
- Rule D.3 270
- Rule D.4 271
- Rule D.5 271
- Rule D.5a 271
- Rule D.6 271
- 7.5.6 Status Bit Rules 272
- Rule T.2.a 273
- Rule T.2.b 273
- Rule T.2.c 273
- Rule SR.2 273
- Static Programming Rules 274
- Rule SR.3 276
- Rule SR.4 276
- Rule SR.4a 277
- 7.5.7 Loop Nesting Rules 278
- Rule L.N.2 279
- Rule L.N.3 279
- 7.5.8 Loop LA Rules 281
- Rule L.L.3 282
- Rule L.L.4 282
- 7.5.9 Loop Sequencing Rules 283
- Rule L.D.3 284
- Rule L.D.5 284
- Rule L.D.6 284
- Rule L.D.7 285
- Rule L.D.8 285
- Rule L.D.9 285
- 7.5.10 Loop COF Rules 286
- Rule L.C.5 287
- Rule L.C.7 288
- Rule L.C.9 289
- Rule L.C.10 289
- 7.5.11 General Looping Rules 290
- 7.6.1 AGU Dynamic Rules 291
- 7.6.2 Memory Access Rules 292
- 7.6.3 RAS Rules 293
- 7.6.4 Loop Rules 293
- Dynamic Programming Rules 294
- Rule SR.2a 296
- Rule SR.4b 296
- Rule SR.6 296
- Rule A.1a 297
- 7.7 Programming Guidelines 298
- Rule J.5 299
- Rule L.N.5 299
- Programming Guidelines 300
- 7.8 LPMARK Rules 301
- 7.8.3.1 LPMARK Notation 302
- 7.8.3.2 Loop Nesting Rules 303
- 7.8.3.3 Loop LA Rules 303
- LPMARK Rule L.L.2 304
- LPMARK Rule L.L.3 304
- LPMARK Rule L.L.5 304
- LPMARK Rule L.L.6 305
- LPMARK Rule L.D.2 + L.D.3 305
- LPMARK Rule L.D.6 305
- LPMARK Rule L.D.8 + L.D.9 305
- 7.8.3.5 Loop COF Rules 306
- LPMARK Rule L.C.3 + L.C.5 307
- LPMARK Rule L.C.9 308
- LPMARK Rule L.C.10 308
- LPMARK Rule L.C.11 + L.C.12 309
- LPMARK Rule L.G.3 + L.G.4 309
- LPMARK Rule SR.6 309
- 7.9 NOP Definition 310
- 7.9.1 Grouping Examples 311
- NOP Definition 312
- [IFT CLR D0IFT NOP IFT NOP] 313
- Appendix A 315
- A.1.1 Conventions 316
- M0-M3 Modulo registers 317
- {0 ≤u3 < 2 318
- , L}. The values for 318
- Table A-4. Assembler Syntax 318
- A.1.4 Encoding Notation 320
- A.1.5 Prefix Word Encoding 321
- Instruction Fields 322
- A.1.5.2 Two-Word Prefix 323
- DSP Core Instruction Set 324
- A.1.6 Instruction Types 326
- A.2 Instructions 333
- ABS Absolute Value (DALU) ABS 334
- ADD Add (DALU) ADD 338
- Example 2 339
- ADDA Add (AGU) ADDA 343
- Example 1 344
- #s16 + Da → Dn 350
- ADDNC.W #s16,Da,Dn 350
- ADR Add and Round (DALU) ADR 352
- AND Bitwise AND (DALU) AND 354
- Example 3 355
- Description 359
- Operation Assembler Syntax 359
- ASL Arithmetic Shift Left ASL 362
- Rx<<2 → Rx 364
- ASL2A Rx 364
- Rx<<1 → Rx 365
- 01516313239 C 371
- 15 8 7 0 373
- BF Branch If False (AGU) BF 379
- BFD <label 381
- BFD >label 381
- SR[1] T True bit 381
- $00E0 0000 381
- Bit-Masked Change a BMCHG 383
- 16-Bit Operand (BMU) 383
- Bit-Masked Test a BMTSTC.W 405
- $24A6 --0010 0100 1010 0110 406
- Bit-Masked Test a BMTSTS 408
- 16-Bit Operand If Set (BMU) 408
- Bit-Masked Test a BMTSTS.W 410
- BRA Branch (AGU) BRA 413
- Source Code Comments 415
- BT Branch If True (AGU) BT 423
- BTD <label 425
- BTD >label 425
- $00E0 0002 425
- CLB Da,Dn 427
- $00000 F7434 427
- $0:$FF FFFF FFF5 427
- SR[0] C Clears the carry bit 429
- $00E0 0001 $00E0 0000 429
- CMPEQ Da,Dn 431
- 000 D0 010 D2 100 D4 110 D6 432
- 001 D1 011 D3 101 D5 111 D7 432
- CMPEQA rx,Rx 435
- Dn > Da → T 437
- CMPGT Da,Dn 437
- Rx > rx → T 441
- CMPGTA rx,Rx 441
- CONTD label 449
- DEBUG 1 2 4 1001111001110000 451
- where #u5 = 1 453
- DECEQ Dn 455
- DECEQA Rx 457
- Dn – 1 → Dn; Dn≥0 → T 458
- DECGE Dn 458
- DI 1 1 4 1001111101111101 463
- Divide Iteration (DALU) DIV 464
- DOSETUPn label 475
- $0000 0002 475
- $0000 1020 475
- EI Enable Interrupts (AGU) EI 477
- EOR Da,Dn 479
- $FF FFFF FFFB 479
- IADDNC.W #s16,Dn 489
- Request (AGU) 492
- Da,Da jj Data Register Pairs 496
- Da.L * Db.L → Dn 501
- IMPY Da,Db,Dn 501
- #s16 * Dn.L → Dn 503
- IMPY.W #s16,Dn 503
- IMPYSU Da,Db,Dn 507
- $00 0000 0122 507
- $FF FFFF FFFF 507
- $0:$FF FFFF FEDE 507
- IMPYUU Da,Db,Dn 509
- Dn + 1 → Dn 511
- Dn + $00:00010000 → Dn 513
- INC.F Dn 513
- Rx + 1 → Rx 515
- INSERT Da,Db,Dn 517
- JF Jump If False (AGU) JF 519
- JMP Jump (AGU) JMP 523
- JMPD label {0 ≤ label < 2 525
- JSRD label {0 ≤ label < 2 529
- JT Jump If True (AGU) JT 531
- Prefix Formats and Opcodes 537
- $AAAA AAAA $5555 5555 541
- 542
- 0.000 0000 0000 1000 0000 551
- 1.111 1111 1111 1111 1000 554
- $FFFF 8000 554
- MARK 1 1 4 1001111001110010 559
- Dg,Dh GG Data Register Pairs 560
- MAX Dg,Dh 560
- $FF FFFF FFF5 560
- MAX2 Transfer Two 16-Bit MAX2 561
- MAX2VIT MAX2 MAX2VIT 563
- MAXM Dg,Dh 565
- $FF FFFF FFDD 565
- MIN Dg,Dh 567
- $00 36AE 3FB4 567
- respective data register 572
- MOVE.B Byte Move (AGU) MOVE.B 578
- MOVE.B (SP+s15),DR 579
- MOVE.B DR,(SP+s15) 579
- Move Fractional Word MOVE.F 582
- MOVE.F Db,(ea) 583
- Move Long Word (AGU) MOVE.L 586
- 0write1read 588
- MOVE.L (SP+s15),Do.E 590
- MOVE.L Move Long (AGU) MOVE.L 593
- MOVE.L (SP+s15),C4 595
- MOVE.L C4,(SP+s15) 595
- $0000 0050 600
- MOVES.4F 618
- MOVES.L Move Long to MOVES.L 619
- Memory (AGU) 621
- #u32 → Db 625
- MOVEU.L #u32,Db 625
- Memory to a Register (AGU) 629
- Rn RRR Address Register 632
- Da.H * Db.H → Dn 633
- MPY Da,Db,Dn 633
- NEG Negate (DALU) NEG 645
- NOP No Operation (PREFIX) NOP 647
- ~Da → Dn 648
- NOT Da,Dn 648
- NOT DR.L 650
- NOT DR.H 650
- Da ⏐ Dn → Dn 654
- OR Da,Dn 654
- RND Round (DALU) RND 673
- 01516313239 676
- [3] NMID Cleared 690
- SAT.L Dn 694
- $0000 0004 694
- STOP 1 8 4 1001111101111001 702
- SUB Subtract (DALU) SUB 703
- SUBA Subtract (AGU) SUBA 708
- (2 * Dn) – Da → Dn 710
- SUBL Da,Dn 710
- TFR Da,Dn 718
- TFRA rx,Rx 720
- TFRA OSP,Rn 722
- TFRA Rn,OSP 722
- TSTEQ Dn 728
- TSTGE Dn 731
- TESTGEA.L Rx 732
- TSTGT Dn 734
- TSTGTA Rx 735
- WAIT 1 8 4 1001111101111000 741
- Appendix B 747
- Table B-1. SCID Assignments 748
- Index I-1 749
- I-2 Index 750
- Index I-3 751
- I-4 Index 752
- , A-275, A-279 753
- I-6 Index 754
- Index I-7 755
- I-8 Index 756
- Index I-9 757
- I-10 Index 758
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